Browsing by Author "Caruso BA"

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Gender equality and quality of life must be central to the design and delivery of sanitation.
(2025-Jan-22) Marphatia AA; Simiyu S; Flint O'Kane M; Alexander KT; Nascimento de Castro ACA; Azcona G; Boni-Morkla PE; Bukachi SA; Busienei P; Caruso BA; Chase C; Chipungu J; Dwivedi A; Johnston R; Khurana I; Kome A; Kuria W; Labadia J; Makoni F; Mberu B; Mojumdar S; Mule J; Namatende Sakwa L; Njeri N; Oliveira de Souza FA; Pandolfelli L; Ramunenyiwa P; Ray I; Reddy M; Saha PK; Sinha U; Sinharoy SS; Slaymaker T; Uguru E; Uhl K; Young SL; Ross I; Cumming O; Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.; World Vision Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.; Parmarth Samaj Sevi Sansthan, Jalaun, India.; Energy and Resources Group, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.; African Ministers Council on Water, Abuja, Nigeria.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; Department of Water and Sanitation, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.; Research and Data Section, UN Women, New York, New York, USA.; Department of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Tarun Bharat Sangh, Bheekampura - Kishori, India.; Water Sanitation and Hygiene Team, UNICEF India, New Delhi, India.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK akanksha.marphatia@lshtm.ac.uk.; Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, India.; SNV, Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands.; Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources, Government of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.; Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, UNICEF, New York, New York, USA.; CARE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; Re Sustainability Limited, Hyderabad, India.; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.; National Basic Water and Sanitation Agency, Federal Government of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil.; Water Global Practice, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA.; Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; CARE South Sudan, Juba, Sudan.; Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
Prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding and associations with physical health and wellbeing in low-income and middle-income countries: a multinational cross-sectional study.
(2023-Nov) Sinharoy SS; Chery L; Patrick M; Conrad A; Ramaswamy A; Stephen A; Chipungu J; Reddy YM; Doma R; Pasricha SR; Ahmed T; Chiwala CB; Chakraborti N; Caruso BA; Athena Infonomics, Chennai, India.; Department of Civil Engineering and International Training Network, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company, Lusaka, Zambia.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: sheela.sinharoy@emory.edu.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Chennai, India.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
BACKGROUND: Data on the prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce. We aimed to assess the validity of a scale to measure heavy menstrual bleeding and calculate its prevalence in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and to examine associations between heavy menstrual bleeding and health outcomes. METHODS: Between Aug 2, 2021 and June 14, 2022, we surveyed 6626 women across ten cities (Meherpur and Saidpur, Bangladesh; Warangal, Narsapur, and Tiruchirappalli, India; Kathmandu, Nepal; Dakar, Senegal; Nairobi, Kenya; Kampala, Uganda; and Lusaka, Zambia), including questions on demographics, health, and the SAMANTA scale, a six-item measure of heavy menstrual bleeding. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity of the SAMANTA scale, calculated the prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding, and used regression analyses to examine associations of heavy menstrual bleeding with health outcomes. FINDINGS: 4828 women were included in the final analytic sample. Factor analysis indicated a one-factor model representing heavy menstrual bleeding. In the pooled analytic sample, 2344 (48·6%) of 4828 women were classified as experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding, and the prevalence was lowest in Dakar (126 [38·3%] of 329 women) and Kampala (158 [38·4%] of 411 women) and highest in Kathmandu (326 [77·6%] of 420 women). Experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding was significantly associated with feeling tired or short of breath during the menstrual period (risk ratio 4·12 (95% CI 3·45 to 4·94) and reporting worse self-rated physical health (adjusted odds ratio 1·27, 95% CI 1·08 to 1·51), but was not associated with subjective wellbeing (β -3·34, 95% CI -7·04 to 0·37). INTERPRETATION: Heavy menstrual bleeding is highly prevalent and adversely impacts quality of life in women across LMIC settings. Further attention is urgently needed to understand determinants and identify and implement solutions to this problem. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, United States Agency for International Development, National Institutes of Health.
Recommendations for hand hygiene in community settings: a scoping review of current international guidelines.
(2023-Jun-21) MacLeod C; Braun L; Caruso BA; Chase C; Chidziwisano K; Chipungu J; Dreibelbis R; Ejemot-Nwadiaro R; Gordon B; Esteves Mills J; Cumming O; Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.; Department of Environmental Health and WASHTED, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.; Social and Behavioural Science Department, Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK.; Water and Sanitation Program, World Bank Group, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK clara.macleod@lshtm.ac.uk.; Department of Public Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene is an important measure to prevent disease transmission. OBJECTIVE: To summarise current international guideline recommendations for hand hygiene in community settings and to assess to what extent they are consistent and evidence based. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included international guidelines with one or more recommendations on hand hygiene in community settings-categorised as domestic, public or institutional-published by international organisations, in English or French, between 1 January 1990 and 15 November 2021. DATA SOURCES: To identify relevant guidelines, we searched the WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing Database, Google, websites of international organisations, and contacted expert organisations and individuals. CHARTING METHODS: Recommendations were mapped to four areas related to hand hygiene: (1) effective hand hygiene; (2) minimum requirements; (3) behaviour change and (4) government measures. Recommendations were assessed for consistency, concordance and whether supported by evidence. RESULTS: We identified 51 guidelines containing 923 recommendations published between 1999 and 2021 by multilateral agencies and international non-governmental organisations. Handwashing with soap is consistently recommended as the preferred method for hand hygiene across all community settings. Most guidelines specifically recommend handwashing with plain soap and running water for at least 20 s; single-use paper towels for hand drying; and alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) as a complement or alternative to handwashing. There are inconsistent and discordant recommendations for water quality for handwashing, affordable and effective alternatives to soap and ABHR, and the design of handwashing stations. There are gaps in recommendations on soap and water quantity, behaviour change approaches and government measures required for effective hand hygiene. Less than 10% of recommendations are supported by any cited evidence. CONCLUSION: While current international guidelines consistently recommend handwashing with soap across community settings, there remain gaps in recommendations where clear evidence-based guidance might support more effective policy and investment.
Women, work, and water.
(2023-Apr-08) Caruso BA; Chipungu J; Kulkarni S; Ray I; Energy & Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Social and Behavioral Science Department, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management, Pune, India.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: bcaruso@emory.edu.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)