Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia
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Raised BP in TB Manuscript Dataset
(Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, 2025-05-30) Tuberculosis Local Organisations Network
This is the final dataset for the Raised BP in TB Manuscript in csv format
The Tuberculosis Sentinel Research Network (TB-SRN) of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA): protocol for a prospective cohort study in Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America.
(2024-Jan-09) Enane LA; Duda SN; Chanyachukul T; Bolton-Moore C; Navuluri N; Messou E; Mbonze N; McDade LR; Figueiredo MC; Ross J; Evans D; Diero L; Akpata R; Zotova N; Freeman A; Pierre MF; Rupasinghe D; Ballif M; Byakwaga H; de Castro N; Tabala M; Sterling TR; Sohn AH; Fenner L; Wools-Kaloustian K; Poda A; Yotebieng M; Huebner R; Marcy O; Vanderbilt Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.; Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.; Indiana University Center for Global Health Equity, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.; Mbarara University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara, Uganda.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; The Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), Port-au-Prince, Haiti.; The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.; TREAT Asia/amfAR - The Foundation for AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand.; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.; Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.; The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA lenane@iu.edu.; Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.; Centre de Prise en Charge de Recherche et de Formation (Aconda-CePReF), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.; Department of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya.
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death globally. It is the most common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV, and the most common cause of their morbidity and mortality. Following TB treatment, surviving individuals may be at risk for post-TB lung disease. The TB Sentinel Research Network (TB-SRN) provides a platform for coordinated observational TB research within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective, observational cohort study will assess treatment and post-treatment outcomes of pulmonary TB (microbiologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed) among 2600 people aged ≥15 years, with and without HIV coinfection, consecutively enrolled at 16 sites in 11 countries, across 6 of IeDEA's global regions. Data regarding clinical and sociodemographic factors, mental health, health-related quality of life, pulmonary function, and laboratory and radiographic findings will be collected using standardised questionnaires and data collection tools, beginning from the initiation of TB treatment and through 12 months after the end of treatment. Data will be aggregated for proposed analyses.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained at all implementing study sites, including the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Human Research Protections Programme. Participants will provide informed consent; for minors, this includes both adolescent assent and the consent of their parent or primary caregiver. Protections for vulnerable groups are included, in alignment with local standards and considerations at sites. Procedures for requesting use and analysis of TB-SRN data are publicly available. Findings from TB-SRN analyses will be shared with national TB programmes to inform TB programming and policy, and disseminated at regional and global conferences and other venues.
Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Responsible for Breakthrough Diarrheal Diseases among Zambian Children Using Whole Genome Sequencing.
(2023-Nov-26) Mwape I; Laban NM; Chibesa K; Moono A; Silwamba S; Malisheni MM; Chisenga C; Chauwa A; Simusika P; Phiri M; Simuyandi M; Chilengi R; De Beer C; Ojok D; Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.; Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.; Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-13380, USA.; University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.; Enteric Disease and Vaccine Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia.; Division of Medical Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein P.O. Box 339, South Africa.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
The occurrence of rotavirus (RV) infection among vaccinated children in high-burden settings poses a threat to further disease burden reduction. Genetically altered viruses have the potential to evade both natural infection and vaccine-induced immune responses, leading to diarrheal diseases among vaccinated children. Studies characterizing RV strains responsible for breakthrough infections in resource-limited countries where RV-associated diarrheal diseases are endemic are limited. We aimed to characterize RV strains detected in fully vaccinated children residing in Zambia using next-generation sequencing. We conducted whole genome sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. Whole genome assembly was performed using Geneious Prime 2023.1.2. A total of 76 diarrheal stool specimens were screened for RV, and 4/76 (5.2%) were RV-positive. Whole genome analysis revealed RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/CIDRZ-RV2088/2020/
HIV programme sustainability in Southern and Eastern Africa and the changing role of external assistance for health.
(2024-Jan-23) Neel AH; Rodríguez DC; Sikazwe I; Pillay Y; Barron P; Pereira SK; Makakole-Nene S; Bennett SC; Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), 34620 Lukasu Road, Mass Media, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.; SCMN Global Health Consulting, 261 Middel Street, Pretoria 0181, South Africa.
High human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevalence countries in Southern and Eastern Africa continue to receive substantial external assistance (EA) for HIV programming, yet countries are at risk of transitioning out of HIV aid without achieving epidemic control. We sought to address two questions: (1) to what extent has HIV EA in the region been programmed and delivered in a way that supports long-term sustainability and (2) how should development agencies change operational approaches to support long-term, sustainable HIV control? We conducted 20 semi-structured key informant interviews with global and country-level respondents coupled with an analysis of Global Fund budget data for Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia (from 2017 until the present). We assessed EA practice along six dimensions of sustainability, namely financial, epidemiological, programmatic, rights-based, structural and political sustainability. Our respondents described HIV systems' vulnerability to donor departure, as well as how development partner priorities and practices have created challenges to promoting long-term HIV control. The challenges exacerbated by EA patterns include an emphasis on treatment over prevention, limiting effects on new infection rates; resistance to service integration driven in part by 'winners' under current EA patterns and challenges in ensuring coverage for marginalized populations; persistent structural barriers to effectively serving key populations and limited capacity among organizations best positioned to respond to community needs; and the need for advocacy given the erosion of political commitment by the long-term and substantive nature of HIV EA. Our recommendations include developing a robust investment case for primary prevention, providing operational support for integration processes, investing in local organizations and addressing issues of political will. While strategies must be locally crafted, our paper provides initial suggestions for how EA partners could change operational approaches to support long-term HIV control and the achievement of universal health coverage.
Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns by fine stratum of gestational age and birthweight for 230 679 live births in nine low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2017.
(2024-Jan-16) Hazel EA; Erchick DJ; Katz J; Lee ACC; Diaz M; Wu LSF; West KP; Shamim AA; Christian P; Ali H; Baqui AH; Saha SK; Ahmed S; Roy AD; Silveira MF; Buffarini R; Shapiro R; Zash R; Kolsteren P; Lachat C; Huybregts L; Roberfroid D; Zhu Z; Zeng L; Gebreyesus SH; Tesfamariam K; Adu-Afarwuah S; Dewey KG; Gyaase S; Poku-Asante K; Boamah Kaali E; Jack D; Ravilla T; Tielsch J; Taneja S; Chowdhury R; Ashorn P; Maleta K; Ashorn U; Mangani C; Mullany LC; Khatry SK; Ramokolo V; Zembe-Mkabile W; Fawzi WW; Wang D; Schmiegelow C; Minja D; Msemo OA; Lusingu JPA; Smith ER; Masanja H; Mongkolchati A; Keentupthai P; Kakuru A; Kajubi R; Semrau K; Hamer DH; Manasyan A; Pry JM; Chasekwa B; Humphrey J; Black RE; Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.; Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.; Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology-Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.; BRAC JP Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh.; Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; International Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.; Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.; Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Ariadne Labs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.; Department of Nutrition, Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.; Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Namur University, Namur, Belgium.; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana.; National Institute of Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania.; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.; Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India.; Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China.; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.; Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.; George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.; HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.; Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, Brussels, Belgium.; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; College Graduate of Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.; NNIPS, Kathmandu, Nepal.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality risks by fine strata of gestational age and birthweight among 230 679 live births in nine low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017.
DESIGN: Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis.
SETTING: Nine LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, and Latin America.
POPULATION: Liveborn infants from 15 population-based cohorts.
METHODS: Subnational, population-based studies with high-quality birth outcome data were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. All studies included birthweight, gestational age measured by ultrasound or last menstrual period, infant sex and neonatal survival. We defined adequate birthweight as 2500-3999 g (reference category), macrosomia as ≥4000 g, moderate low as 1500-2499 g and very low birthweight as <1500 g. We analysed fine strata classifications of preterm, term and post-term: ≥42
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Median and interquartile ranges by study for neonatal mortality rates (NMR) and relative risks (RR). We also performed meta-analysis for the relative mortality risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by the fine categories, stratified by regional study setting (sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia) and study-level NMR (≤25 versus >25 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births).
RESULTS: We found a dose-response relationship between lower gestational ages and birthweights with increasing neonatal mortality risks. The highest NMR and RR were among preterm babies born at <28 weeks (median NMR 359.2 per 1000 live births; RR 18.0, 95% CI 8.6-37.6) and very low birthweight (462.8 per 1000 live births; RR 43.4, 95% CI 29.5-63.9). We found no statistically significant neonatal mortality risk for macrosomia (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-3.0) but a statistically significant risk for all preterm babies, post-term babies (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5) and babies born at 37
CONCLUSIONS: In addition to tracking vulnerable newborn types, monitoring finer categories of birthweight and gestational age will allow for better understanding of the predictors, interventions and health outcomes for vulnerable newborns. It is imperative that all newborns from live births and stillbirths have an accurate recorded weight and gestational age to track maternal and neonatal health and optimise prevention and care of vulnerable newborns.