Browsing by Author "Chakraborty S"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Field evaluation of a novel, rapid diagnostic assay, and molecular epidemiology of enterotoxigenic E. coli among Zambian children presenting with diarrhea.
    (2022-Aug) Silwamba S; Chilyabanyama ON; Liswaniso F; Chisenga CC; Chilengi R; Dougan G; Kwenda G; Chakraborty S; Simuyandi M; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    BACKGROUND: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the top aetiologic agents of diarrhea in children under the age of 5 in low-middle income countries (LMICs). The lack of point of care diagnostic tools for routine ETEC diagnosis results in limited data regarding the actual burden and epidemiology in the endemic areas. We evaluated performance of the novel Rapid LAMP based Diagnostic Test (RLDT) for detection of ETEC in stool as a point of care diagnostic assay in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 324 randomly selected stool samples from children under 5 presenting with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD). The samples were collected between November 2012 to September 2013 at selected health facilities in Zambia. The RLDT was evaluated by targeting three ETEC toxin genes [heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxins (STh and STp)]. Quantitative PCR was used as the "gold standard" to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RLDT for detection of ETEC. We additionally described the prevalence and seasonality of ETEC. RESULTS: The study included 324 participants, 50.6% of which were female. The overall prevalence of ETEC was 19.8% by qPCR and 19.4% by RLDT. The children between 12 to 59 months had the highest prevalence of 22%. The study determined ETEC toxin distribution was LT 28/321(9%), ST 18/321(6%) and LT/ST 16/321(5%). The sensitivity and specificity of the RLDT compared to qPCR using a Ct 35 as the cut-off, were 90.7% and 97.5% for LT, 85.2% and 99.3% for STh and 100% and 99.7% for STp, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that RLDT is sufficiently sensitive and specific and easy to implement in the endemic countries. Being rapid and simple, the RLDT also presents as an attractive tool for point-of-care testing at the health facilities and laboratories in the resource-limited settings.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The 2022 Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference: Summary of abstract-based presentations.
    (2024-Mar-07) Banerjee S; Barry EM; Baqar S; Louis Bourgeois A; Campo JJ; Choy RKM; Chakraborty S; Clifford A; Deal C; Estrada M; Fleckenstein J; Hasso-Agopsowicz M; Hausdorff W; Khalil I; Maier N; Mubanga C; Platts-Mills JA; Porter C; Qadri F; Simuyandi M; Walker R; White JA; Washington University School of Medicine, United States.; PATH, United States. Electronic address: aclifford@path.org.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia.; Antigen Discovery, Inc, United States.; PATH, United States; Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.; ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, India.; PATH, United States.; Naval Medical Research Command, United States.; World Health Organization, Switzerland.; University of Washington, United States.; US National Institutes of Health, United States.; Johns Hopkins University, United States.; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, United States.; ICDDR,B, Bangladesh.; University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    The global nonprofit organization PATH hosted the third Vaccines Against Shigella and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VASE) Conference in Washington, DC, on November 29 to December 1, 2022. With a combination of plenary sessions and posters, keynote presentations, and breakout workshops, the 2022 VASE Conference featured key updates on research related to the development of vaccines against neglected diarrheal pathogens including Shigella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter, and Salmonella. The presentations and discussions highlighted the significant impact of these diarrheal pathogens, particularly on the health of infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries, reflecting the urgent need for the development and licensure of new enteric vaccines. Oral and poster presentations at the VASE Conference explored a range of topics, including: the global burden and clinical presentation of disease, epidemiology, and the impact of interventions; the assessment of the value of vaccines against enteric pathogens; preclinical evaluations of vaccine candidates and models of enteric diseases; vaccine candidates in clinical trials and human challenge models; host parameters and genomics that predict responses to infection and disease; the application of new omics technologies for characterization of emerging pathogens and host responses; novel adjuvants, vaccine delivery platforms, and immunization strategies; and strategies for combination/co-administered vaccines. The conference agenda also featured ten breakout workshop sessions on topics of importance to the enteric vaccine field, which are summarized separately. This article reviews key points and highlighted research presented in each of the plenary conference sessions and poster presentations at the 2022 VASE Conference.