Browsing by Author "Chase C"

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    Gender equality and quality of life must be central to the design and delivery of sanitation.
    (2025-Jan-22) Marphatia AA; Simiyu S; Flint O'Kane M; Alexander KT; Nascimento de Castro ACA; Azcona G; Boni-Morkla PE; Bukachi SA; Busienei P; Caruso BA; Chase C; Chipungu J; Dwivedi A; Johnston R; Khurana I; Kome A; Kuria W; Labadia J; Makoni F; Mberu B; Mojumdar S; Mule J; Namatende Sakwa L; Njeri N; Oliveira de Souza FA; Pandolfelli L; Ramunenyiwa P; Ray I; Reddy M; Saha PK; Sinha U; Sinharoy SS; Slaymaker T; Uguru E; Uhl K; Young SL; Ross I; Cumming O; Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.; World Vision Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.; Parmarth Samaj Sevi Sansthan, Jalaun, India.; Energy and Resources Group, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.; African Ministers Council on Water, Abuja, Nigeria.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; Department of Water and Sanitation, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.; Research and Data Section, UN Women, New York, New York, USA.; Department of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Tarun Bharat Sangh, Bheekampura - Kishori, India.; Water Sanitation and Hygiene Team, UNICEF India, New Delhi, India.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK akanksha.marphatia@lshtm.ac.uk.; Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, India.; SNV, Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands.; Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources, Government of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.; Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, UNICEF, New York, New York, USA.; CARE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; Re Sustainability Limited, Hyderabad, India.; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.; National Basic Water and Sanitation Agency, Federal Government of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil.; Water Global Practice, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA.; Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation, Government of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; CARE South Sudan, Juba, Sudan.; Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
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    Recommendations for hand hygiene in community settings: a scoping review of current international guidelines.
    (2023-Jun-21) MacLeod C; Braun L; Caruso BA; Chase C; Chidziwisano K; Chipungu J; Dreibelbis R; Ejemot-Nwadiaro R; Gordon B; Esteves Mills J; Cumming O; Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.; Department of Environmental Health and WASHTED, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.; Social and Behavioural Science Department, Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK.; Water and Sanitation Program, World Bank Group, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London, UK clara.macleod@lshtm.ac.uk.; Department of Public Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene is an important measure to prevent disease transmission. OBJECTIVE: To summarise current international guideline recommendations for hand hygiene in community settings and to assess to what extent they are consistent and evidence based. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included international guidelines with one or more recommendations on hand hygiene in community settings-categorised as domestic, public or institutional-published by international organisations, in English or French, between 1 January 1990 and 15 November 2021. DATA SOURCES: To identify relevant guidelines, we searched the WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing Database, Google, websites of international organisations, and contacted expert organisations and individuals. CHARTING METHODS: Recommendations were mapped to four areas related to hand hygiene: (1) effective hand hygiene; (2) minimum requirements; (3) behaviour change and (4) government measures. Recommendations were assessed for consistency, concordance and whether supported by evidence. RESULTS: We identified 51 guidelines containing 923 recommendations published between 1999 and 2021 by multilateral agencies and international non-governmental organisations. Handwashing with soap is consistently recommended as the preferred method for hand hygiene across all community settings. Most guidelines specifically recommend handwashing with plain soap and running water for at least 20 s; single-use paper towels for hand drying; and alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) as a complement or alternative to handwashing. There are inconsistent and discordant recommendations for water quality for handwashing, affordable and effective alternatives to soap and ABHR, and the design of handwashing stations. There are gaps in recommendations on soap and water quantity, behaviour change approaches and government measures required for effective hand hygiene. Less than 10% of recommendations are supported by any cited evidence. CONCLUSION: While current international guidelines consistently recommend handwashing with soap across community settings, there remain gaps in recommendations where clear evidence-based guidance might support more effective policy and investment.