Browsing by Author "Howard LM"

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    Associations Between Eight Earth Observation-Derived Climate Variables and Enteropathogen Infection: An Independent Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Surveillance Studies With Broad Spectrum Nucleic Acid Diagnostics.
    (2022-Jan) Colston JM; Zaitchik BF; Badr HS; Burnett E; Ali SA; Rayamajhi A; Satter SM; Eibach D; Krumkamp R; May J; Chilengi R; Howard LM; Sow SO; Jahangir Hossain M; Saha D; Imran Nisar M; Zaidi AKM; Kanungo S; Mandomando I; Faruque ASG; Kotloff KL; Levine MM; Breiman RF; Omore R; Page N; Platts-Mills JA; Ashorn U; Fan YM; Shrestha PS; Ahmed T; Mduma E; Yori PP; Bhutta Z; Bessong P; Olortegui MP; Lima AAM; Kang G; Humphrey J; Prendergast AJ; Ntozini R; Okada K; Wongboot W; Gaensbauer J; Melgar MT; Pelkonen T; Freitas CM; Kosek MN; National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata India.; Children's Hospital Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland.; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Banjul The Gambia.; Division of Nutrition and Clinical Services International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Dhaka Bangladesh.; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil.; Kenya Medical Research Institute Center for Global Health Research Kisumu Kenya.; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville VA USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health and Public Health Sciences University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville VA USA.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia.; Centre for Nutrition & Food Security International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Dhaka Bangladesh.; Division of Infectious Diseases Programme for Emerging Infections International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Dhaka Bangladesh.; Department of Pediatrics National Academy of Medical Sciences Kanti Children's Hospital Kathmandu Nepal.; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça Manhiça Mozambique.; Epidemiology and Health Economics GSK Vaccine Wavre Belgium.; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM) Hamburg Germany.; Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MA USA.; Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research Tampere University Tampere Finland.; Centre for Enteric Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases Pretoria South Africa.; HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa.; Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Mali Bamako Mali.; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA Iquitos Peru.; Department of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.; Global Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA USA.; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital Roosevelt Guatemala City Guatemala.; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences Baltimore MA USA.; Department of Child Health Institute of Medicine of Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal.; Centre for Genomics and Child Health Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK.; Department of Medical Sciences National Institute of Health Nonthaburi Thailand.; Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino Luanda Angola.; Division of Viral Diseases US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA.; Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research Harare Zimbabwe.; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University Osaka Japan.; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan.; Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public Health Center for Global Health Aurora CO USA.; Haydom Global Health Institute Haydom Tanzania.; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan.; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College Vellore India.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    Diarrheal disease, still a major cause of childhood illness, is caused by numerous, diverse infectious microorganisms, which are differentially sensitive to environmental conditions. Enteropathogen-specific impacts of climate remain underexplored. Results from 15 studies that diagnosed enteropathogens in 64,788 stool samples from 20,760 children in 19 countries were combined. Infection status for 10 common enteropathogens-adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus,
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    Norovirus infections in young children in Lusaka Province, Zambia: clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology.
    (2017-Jan-23) Howard LM; Mwape I; Siwingwa M; Simuyandi M; Guffey MB; Stringer JS; Chi BH; Edwards KM; Chilengi R; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D-7228 MCN; 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. leigh.howard@vanderbilt.edu.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia.; Division of Global Women's Health, University of North Carolina (UNC) - Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd., 2nd Floor, Campus Box #7030, 27599-7030, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Roma.Chilengi@cidrz.org.; Division of Global Women's Health, University of North Carolina (UNC) - Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Rd., 2nd Floor, Campus Box #7030, 27599-7030, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), P.O. Box 34681, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia. Roma.Chilengi@cidrz.org.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D-7228 MCN; 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
    BACKGROUND: The burden, clinical features, and molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection in young children in southern Africa are not well defined. METHODS: Using data from a health facility-based surveillance study of children <5 years in Lusaka Province, Zambia presenting with diarrhea, we assessed the burden of norovirus infection. A convenience sample of 454 stool specimens was tested for norovirus using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR positive samples underwent additional nucleotide sequencing for genogroup and genotype identification. Clinical features and severity of diarrheal illnesses were compared between norovirus-positive and -negative subjects using Chi-squared and t-tests. RESULTS: Norovirus was detected in 52/454 (11.5%) specimens tested. Abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting were the most common presenting features in norovirus-associated illnesses. However, there were no significant differences in the clinical features of norovirus-positive compared to norovirus-negative illnesses. Of 43 isolates that were available for sequencing, 31 (72.1%) were genogroup II (GII) and 12 (27.9%) were genogroup I (GI). The distribution of genotypes was diverse. CONCLUSIONS: Noroviruses were detected in approximately 10% of young children with diarrhea in the Lusaka Province of Zambia, with GII representing the majority of infections. These findings support the role of norovirus in symptomatic diarrhea disease in Africa. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and to evaluate prevention strategies.