Browsing by Author "Kasozi, Charles"

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    Drug Resistance in People With Viremia on Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: The DTG RESIST Study.
    (2025-May-20) Loosli, Tom; Bolton-Moore, Carolyn; Buzaalirwa, Lydia; Byakwaga, Helen; Çelikağ, İpek; Chimbetete, Cleophas; Ebasone, Peter V.; Giandhari, Jennifer; Han, Nuri; Huwa, Jacqueline; Kasozi, Charles; Mafoua, Adolphe; Messou, Eugène ; Minga, Albert; Muula, Guy; Muyindike, Winnie; Ndala, Arcel C. M.; Sauermann, Mamatha ; Semeere, Aggrey; Singh, Lavanya; Kouyos, Roger D.; Lessells, Richard; Egger, Matthias
    Dolutegravir resistance is an increasing concern. An analysis of the DTG RESIST study found that among 227 integrase sequences from 7 African countries (all non-B subtypes), 59 (26.0%) had at least 1 major drug resistance mutation (primarily G118R and E138A/K/T), with 49 (21.6%) predicted to have high-level resistance to dolutegravir.
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    Global Trends in CD4 Count Measurement and Distribution at First Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation.
    (2025-Jul-18) de Waal, Renee; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Brazier, Ellen; Althoff, Keri N.; Jaquet, Antoine; Duda, Stephany N.; Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran; Savory, Theodora; Byakwaga, Helen; Murenzi, Gad; Justice, Amy; Ekouevi, Didier K.; Cesar, Carina; Pasayan, Mark K. U.; Thawani, Agness; Kasozi, Charles; Babakazo, Pelagie; Karris, Maile; Messou, Eugene; Cortes, Claudia P.; Kunzekwenyika, Cordelia; Choi, Jun Y.; Owarwo, Noela C.; Niyongabo, Annabelle; Marconi, Vincent C.; Ezechi, Oliver; Castilho, Jessica L.; Petoumenos, Kathy; Johnson, Leigh F.; Ford, Nathan; Kassanjee, Reshma
    BACKGROUND: While people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) start antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4 count, CD4 measurement remains crucial for detecting advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and evaluating ART programs. We explored CD4 measurement (proportion of PWH with a CD4 result available) and prevalence of CD4 <200 cells/µL (hereafter "CD4 <200") at ART initiation within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) global collaboration. METHODS: We included PWH at participating ART programs who first initiated ART at age 15-80 years during 2005-2019. We described proportions of PWH with a CD4 result (measured within 6 months before to 2 weeks after ART initiation) and, among those with a CD4 result, with CD4 <200, by year of ART initiation and region. RESULTS: We included 1 355 104 PWH from 42 countries in 7 regions; 63% were female. The median (interquartile range) age at ART initiation was 37 (3144) years in males and 32 (26-39) years in females. CD4 measurement initially increased, or remained stable over time until around 2013, but then declined to low levels in some regions (Southern Africa, except South Africa: from 54% to 13%; East Africa: 85% to 31%; Central Africa: 72% to 20%; West Africa: 91% to 53%; and Latin America: 87% to 56%). Prevalence of CD4 <200 declined over time in all regions, but plateaued after 2015 at ≥30%. CONCLUSIONS: CD4 measurement has declined sharply in recent years, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Among those with a CD4 measurement, the prevalence of CD4 <200 remains concerningly high. Scaling up CD4 testing and securing adequate funding are urgent priorities.
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    Global Trends in CD4 Measurement and Immunosuppression at ART Initiation Among Children With HIV.
    (2025-Apr-04) Patten, Gabriela; Malateste, Karen; Bolton-Moore, Carolyn; Sipambo, Nosisa; Mokone, Limpho; Anderegg, Nanina; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Michael, Denna; Odhiambo, Francesca ; Kasozi, Charles; Desmonde, Sophie; Amorissani-Folquet, Madeleine; Leroy, Valériane; Kumara, Dewi W.; Nallusamy, Revathy; Kinikar, Aarti; Quy, Du T.; Yotebieng, Marcel; Ebasone, Peter V.; Lelo, Patricia; Pinto, Jorge; Rouzier, Vanessa; Machado, Daisy M.; Haw, Nel J.; Ford, Nathan
    Eligibility for antiretroviral therapy is no longer based on immune criteria. In a global cohort of 97,453 children, between 2005 and 2021, we observed large declines in CD4 measurement, from 51% to 12% among <5 seconds, and from 74% to 20% among those 5-14 years of age. Lack of CD4 testing may negatively affect clinical care and surveillance of severe immune suppression.