Browsing by Author "Kitui SK"

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    New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives.
    (2021) Debela DT; Muzazu SG; Heraro KD; Ndalama MT; Mesele BW; Haile DC; Kitui SK; Manyazewal T; Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
    Cancer is a global health problem responsible for one in six deaths worldwide. Treating cancer has been a highly complex process. Conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have been in use, while significant advances are being made in recent times, including stem cell therapy, targeted therapy, ablation therapy, nanoparticles, natural antioxidants, radionics, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and ferroptosis-based therapy. Current methods in oncology focus on the development of safe and efficient cancer nanomedicines. Stem cell therapy has brought promising efficacy in regenerating and repairing diseased or damaged tissues by targeting both primary and metastatic cancer foci, and nanoparticles brought new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Targeted therapy possessed breakthrough potential inhibiting the growth and spread of specific cancer cells, causing less damage to healthy cells. Ablation therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure that burns or freezes cancers without the need for open surgery. Natural antioxidants demonstrated potential tracking down free radicals and neutralizing their harmful effects thereby treating or preventing cancer. Several new technologies are currently under research in clinical trials, and some of them have already been approved. This review presented an update on recent advances and breakthroughs in cancer therapies.
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    Trends in uptake and impact of thermostable vaccines in Africa.
    (2025) Kitui SK; Juma E; Ndalama MT; Chilot D; Tolossa D; Woldemedhin B; Muzazu SGY; Digamo K; Mungania J; Manyazewal T; Kenya National Public Health Laboratories-National Influenza Center, Nairobi, Kenya.; Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.; Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.; Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Shenen Gibe General Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia.
    Vaccination in Africa faces significant challenges due to inadequate cold chain infrastructure, particularly in regions lacking reliable electricity. Approximately 80% of prequalified vaccines require cold chain systems to maintain their potency, which is often unfeasible in remote areas. Exposure to extreme temperatures can lead to a loss of vaccine potency, making it crucial to explore alternatives. Thermostable vaccines represent a technological advancement that addresses these challenges by eliminating the need for cold chain mechanisms during transport and storage. This narrative review analyzes trends in the uptake of thermostable vaccines and their impact across Africa. A total of 10 studies were reviewed, encompassing 14 African countries, revealing critical insights into the potential of thermostable vaccines to enhance immunization coverage in settings with limited access to traditional cold chain facilities. These vaccines, which maintain their efficacy even when exposed to higher temperatures for short periods, offer a promising solution to the logistical and economic hurdles of vaccine delivery in resource-limited settings.