Browsing by Author "Manyazewal T"

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Digital health in the era of COVID-19: Reshaping the next generation of healthcare.
(2023) Getachew E; Adebeta T; Muzazu SGY; Charlie L; Said B; Tesfahunei HA; Wanjiru CL; Acam J; Kajogoo VD; Solomon S; Atim MG; Manyazewal T; Outpatient Department, Ethiopian Airlines Medical Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Soroti, Uganda.; Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia.; Outpatient Department, Pope John's Hospital Aber, Atapara, Uganda.; Outpatient Department, Kibong'oto National Tuberculosis Hospital, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.; KNCV TB Foundation, Challenge TB Project, Blantyre, Malawi.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Public Health, Hager Biomedical Research Institute, Asmara, Eritrea.; School of Public Health, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
COVID-19 is one of the most deadly diseases to have stricken us in recent decades. In the fight against this disease, governments and stakeholders require all the assistance they can get from various systems, including digital health interventions. Digital health technologies are supporting the tracking of the COVID-19 outbreak, diagnosing patients, expediting the process of finding potential medicines and vaccines, and disinfecting the environment, The establishment of electronic medical and health records, computerized clinical decision support systems, telemedicine, and mobile health have shown the potential to strengthen the healthcare system. Recently, these technologies have aided the health sector in a variety of ways, including prevention, early diagnosis, treatment adherence, medication safety, care coordination, documentation, data management, outbreak tracking, and pandemic surveillance. On the other hand, implementation of such technologies has questions of cost, compatibility with existing systems, disruption in patient-provider interactions, and sustainability, calling for more evidence on clinical utility and economic evaluations to help shape the next generation of healthcare. This paper argues how digital health interventions assist in the fight against COVID-19 and their opportunities, implications, and limitations.
New approaches and procedures for cancer treatment: Current perspectives.
(2021) Debela DT; Muzazu SG; Heraro KD; Ndalama MT; Mesele BW; Haile DC; Kitui SK; Manyazewal T; Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Cancer is a global health problem responsible for one in six deaths worldwide. Treating cancer has been a highly complex process. Conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have been in use, while significant advances are being made in recent times, including stem cell therapy, targeted therapy, ablation therapy, nanoparticles, natural antioxidants, radionics, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and ferroptosis-based therapy. Current methods in oncology focus on the development of safe and efficient cancer nanomedicines. Stem cell therapy has brought promising efficacy in regenerating and repairing diseased or damaged tissues by targeting both primary and metastatic cancer foci, and nanoparticles brought new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Targeted therapy possessed breakthrough potential inhibiting the growth and spread of specific cancer cells, causing less damage to healthy cells. Ablation therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure that burns or freezes cancers without the need for open surgery. Natural antioxidants demonstrated potential tracking down free radicals and neutralizing their harmful effects thereby treating or preventing cancer. Several new technologies are currently under research in clinical trials, and some of them have already been approved. This review presented an update on recent advances and breakthroughs in cancer therapies.
Prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis among people living with human immuno-deficiency virus and predictors of mortality in adults on induction therapy in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
(2022) Muzazu SGY; Assefa DG; Phiri C; Getinet T; Solomon S; Yismaw G; Manyazewal T; Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.; Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; School of Public Health, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a leading cause of adult meningitis in countries with a high burden of HIV. It has remained a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa despite the extensive rollout of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to systematically synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of CM among people living with HIV (PLWH) and its predictors of mortality among adults who are on induction antifungal therapy in Africa. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials or observational studies published in Africa from 1995 to April 2021. Pooled prevalence of CM among PLWH was calculated using R-studio Version 1.4.1717 software and the data extracted from eligible studies were pooled as percentage with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Predictors of mortality among adults on induction antifungal therapy were synthesized narratively. RESULTS: Out of 364 studies identified, 17 eligible articles were included in the analysis. The prevalence of CM among PLWH in Africa was 5.11% (95% CI 2.71-9.43%; participants = 10,813; studies = 9; CONCLUSION: Prevalence of CM has significantly decreased from 1996-2010 to 2011-2021 among PLWH on induction therapy in Africa. Fluconazole monotherapy, focal neurological symptoms, diastolic blood pressure < 60 mmHg, and concurrent tuberculosis coinfection were significant predictors of mortality at 2- and 10-weeks timepoints. CM remains a major concern among PLWH despite increases in ART coverage. Improved access to effective antifungal therapies is needed in Africa for timely initiation of combination induction therapy and better treatment outcomes of PLWH. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=254113], identifier [CRD42021254113].
Trends in uptake and impact of thermostable vaccines in Africa.
(2025) Kitui SK; Juma E; Ndalama MT; Chilot D; Tolossa D; Woldemedhin B; Muzazu SGY; Digamo K; Mungania J; Manyazewal T; Kenya National Public Health Laboratories-National Influenza Center, Nairobi, Kenya.; Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.; Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.; Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Enteric Diseases and Vaccines Research Unit, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Shenen Gibe General Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Vaccination in Africa faces significant challenges due to inadequate cold chain infrastructure, particularly in regions lacking reliable electricity. Approximately 80% of prequalified vaccines require cold chain systems to maintain their potency, which is often unfeasible in remote areas. Exposure to extreme temperatures can lead to a loss of vaccine potency, making it crucial to explore alternatives. Thermostable vaccines represent a technological advancement that addresses these challenges by eliminating the need for cold chain mechanisms during transport and storage. This narrative review analyzes trends in the uptake of thermostable vaccines and their impact across Africa. A total of 10 studies were reviewed, encompassing 14 African countries, revealing critical insights into the potential of thermostable vaccines to enhance immunization coverage in settings with limited access to traditional cold chain facilities. These vaccines, which maintain their efficacy even when exposed to higher temperatures for short periods, offer a promising solution to the logistical and economic hurdles of vaccine delivery in resource-limited settings.