Browsing by Author "Mudenda B"

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    Marketing of breast-milk substitutes in Zambia: evaluation of compliance to the international regulatory code.
    (2018-Mar-01) Funduluka P; Bosomprah S; Chilengi R; Mugode RH; Bwembya PA; Mudenda B; Immunomedics Inc., 300, American Rd., Morris Plains, NJ, USA.; Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Box 3481, Lusaka, Zambia.; School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia.; National Food and Nutrition Commission, Lumumba Road, Box 32669, Lusaka, Zambia.; Chainama College of Health Sciences, Box 33991, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25 Legon, Accra.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    BACKGROUND: We sought to assess the level of non-compliance with the International Code of Marketing breast-milk substitutes (BMS) and/or Statutory Instrument (SI) Number 48 of 2006 of the Laws of Zambia in two suburbs, Kalingalinga and Chelstone, in Zambia. METHODS: This was a cross sectional survey. Shop owners (80), health workers (8) and mothers (214) were interviewed. BMS labels and advertisements (62) were observed. The primary outcome was mean non-compliance defined as the number of article violations divided by the total 'obtainable' violations. The score ranges from 0 to 1 with 0 representing no violations in all the articles and one representing violations in all the articles. RESULTS: A total of 62 BMS were assessed. The mean non-compliance score by manufacturers in terms of violations in labelling of BMS was 0.33 (SD = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.40). These violations were mainly due to labels containing pictures or graphics representing an infant. 80 shops were also assessed with mean non-compliance score in respect of violations in tie-in-sales, special display, and contact with mothers at the shop estimated as 0.14 (SD = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Non-compliance with the Code and/or the local SI is high after 10 years of domesticating the Code.