Browsing by Author "Mudenda S"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Antimicrobial resistance profiles of
    (2023-Jun) Mudenda S; Malama S; Munyeme M; Matafwali SK; Kapila P; Katemangwe P; Mainda G; Mukubesa AN; Hadunka MA; Muma JB
    BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been deepening in the layer poultry sector in Zambia partly due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the phenotypic AMR profiles of METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2020 and April 2021 in which 365 cloacal swabs were collected from 77-layer farms based in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. RESULTS: Of the 365 samples, CONCLUSION: This study found a high prevalence of
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Challenges that may impact achieving and maintaining accreditation in clinical laboratories in Zambia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    (2021) Daka V; Mubanga M; Mukanga B; Mfune RL; Chileshe M; Machiko A; Mudenda S; Chikwanda E; Mudenda T; Simusika P; Mwale S; Musalula S
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Drivers of antimicrobial resistance in layer poultry farming: Evidence from high prevalence of multidrug-resistant
    (2023-Sep) Mudenda S; Bumbangi FN; Yamba K; Munyeme M; Malama S; Mukosha M; Hadunka MA; Daka V; Matafwali SK; Siluchali G; Mainda G; Mukuma M; Hang'ombe BM; Muma JB
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials exacerbates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the poultry sector. Information on factors driving AMR in the layer poultry sector is scarce in Zambia. This study examined the drivers of AMR in the layer poultry sector in the Lusaka and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study employed a structured questionnaire in 77 layer poultry farms in the provinces of Lusaka and Copperbelt, Zambia, from September 2020 to April 2021. Data analysis was conducted using Stata version 16.1. Antimicrobial resistance was defined as the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify drivers of AMR. RESULTS: In total, 365 samples were collected, from which 339 (92.9%) CONCLUSION: This study found a high prevalence of AMR in layer poultry farming linked to the type of farm management practices and lack of AMR awareness. Evidence of high MDR in our study is of public health concern and requires urgent attention. Educational interventions must increase AMR awareness, especially among small- and medium-scale poultry farmers.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Prevalence and predictors of virological failure in pediatric patients on HAART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    (2023) Machila N; Libonda L; Habineza P; Velu RM; Kamboyi HK; Ndhlovu J; Wamunyima I; Sinadambwe MM; Mudenda S; Zyambo C; Bumbangi FN
    Antiretroviral treatment failure has emerged as a challenge in the management of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, especially in resource-limited countries despite accessibility to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize virological failure (VF) prevalence and ascertain its predictors in children in sub-Saharan Africa. An electronic database search strategy was conducted from January to September 2021 on PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, HINARI, and CINAHL. Further, manual searching was conducted on non-indexed journals. Utilizing the JASP© version 0.17.2 (2023) statistical software, a meta-analysis of pooled prevalence of VF was estimated using the standardized mean differences. Further, selection models were used to assess the risk of bias and heterogeneity. The pooled odds ratios were estimated for the respective studies reporting on predictors of VF. The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence of VF in sub-Saharan Africa among the sampled population was 29% (95% CI: 27.0-32.0; p<0.001). Predictors of VF were drug resistance (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 0.88-2.49; p < 0.001), poor adherence (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 5.26-5.45; p < 0.001), nevirapine (NVP)-based regimen (OR: 5.11; 95% CI: 4.66-5.56; p < 0.001), non-usage of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (OR: 4.30; 95% CI: 4.13-4.47; p < 0.001), higher viral load at the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (OR: 244.32; 95% CI: 244.2-244.47; p <0.001), exposure to the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) (OR: 8.02; 95%CI: 7.58-8.46; p < 0.001), increased age/older age (OR: 3.37; 95% CI: 2.70-4.04; p < 0.001), advanced World Health Organization (WHO) stage (OR: 6.57; 95% CI: 6.17-6.98; p < 0.001), not having both parents as primary caregivers (OR: 3.01; 95% CI: 2.50-3.53; p < 0.001), and tuberclosis (TB) treatment (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 3.68-4.76; p <0.001). The mean VF prevalence documented is at variance with studies in other developing countries outside the sub-Saharan region. The high prevalence of HIV cases contrasting with the limited expertise in the management of pediatric ART patients could explain this variance.