Browsing by Author "Mureithi F"

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    Comorbidities and HIV-related factors associated with mental health symptoms and unhealthy substance use among older adults living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study.
    (2025-Mar) Ross JL; Rupasinghe D; Chanyachukul T; Crabtree Ramírez B; Murenzi G; Kwobah E; Mureithi F; Minga A; Marbaniang I; Perazzo H; Parcesepe A; Goodrich S; Chimbetete C; Mensah E; Maruri F; Thi Hoai Nguyen D; López-Iñiguez A; Lancaster K; Byakwaga H; Tlali M; Plaisy MK; Nimkar S; Moreira R; Anastos K; Semeere A; Wandeler G; Jaquet A; Sohn A; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.; Research for Development (RD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda.; National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam.; Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe.; NGO Espoir-Vie Togo, Lomé, Togo.; The HIV care clinic of the National Blood Transfusion Centre, Blood Bank Medical Centre, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.; Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.; Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; AMPATH MOI University, Eldoret, Kenya.; Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.; BJ Government Medical College-JHU Clinical Research Site, Pune, India.; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; TREAT Asia/amfAR - The Foundation for AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand.; The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Mbarara ISS Clinic, Mbarara, Uganda.; Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, México City, México.; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France.
    INTRODUCTION: People with HIV (PWH) are vulnerable to mental health and substance use disorders (MSDs), but the extent to which these are associated with other non-communicable diseases in ageing PWH populations remains poorly documented. We assessed comorbidities associated with symptoms of MSD among PWH ≥40 years in the Sentinel Research Network (SRN) of the International epidemiology Database to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). METHODS: Baseline data collected between June 2020 and September 2022, from 10 HIV clinics in Asia, Latin America and Africa contributing to the SRN, were analysed. Symptoms of MSDs and comorbidities were assessed using standardized questionnaires, anthropometric and laboratory tests, including weight, height, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, chronic viral hepatitis and liver transient elastography. HIV viral load, CD4 count and additional routine clinical data were accessed from participant interview or medical records. HIV and non-HIV clinical associations of mental illness symptoms and unhealthy substance use were analysed using logistic regression. Mental illness symptoms were defined as moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score >9), moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 >9) or probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL-5 >32). Unhealthy substance use was defined as ASSIST score >3, or AUDIT ≥7 for women (≥8 for men). RESULTS: Of 2614 participants assessed at baseline study visits, 57% were female, median age was 50 years, median CD4 was 548 cells/mm CONCLUSIONS: Improved integration of MSD and comorbidity services in HIV clinical settings, and further research on the association between MSD and comorbidities, and care integration among older PWH in low-middle-income countries, are required.
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    Development of a diarrhoea severity scoring scale in a passive health facility-based surveillance system.
    (2022) St Jean DT; Chilyabanyama ON; Bosomprah S; Asombang M; Velu RM; Chibuye M; Mureithi F; Sukwa N; Chirwa M; Mokha P; Chilengi R; Simuyandi M; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Ghana, Accra.; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.; Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    BACKGROUND: Diarrhoeal disease remains a leading cause of death among children mostly in low and middle-income countries. Factors contributing to disease severity are complex and there is currently no consensus on a scoring tool for use in community-based studies. METHODS: Data were collected during a passive surveillance system in an outpatient health facility in Lusaka, Zambia from March 2019 to July 2019. Diarrhea episodes were assessed for severity using an in-house severity scoring tool (CIDRZ) and previously published scores (Vesikari, Clark, CODA, and DHAKA). The CIDRZ score was constructed using fieldworker-reported clinical signs and exploratory factor analysis. We used precision-recall curves measuring severe diarrhoea (i.e., requiring intravenous rehydration or referred for hospital admission) to determine the best performing scores. Then, we used Cronbach's alpha to assess the scale's internal consistency. Finally, we used Cohen's kappa to assess agreement between the scores. RESULTS: Of 110 diarrhea episodes, 3 (3%) required intravenous rehydration or were referred for hospital admission. The precision-recall area under the curve of each score as a predictor of severe diarrhoea requiring intravenous rehydration or hospital admission was 0.26 for Vesikari, 0.18 for CODA, 0.24 for Clark, 0.59 for DHAKA, and 0.59 for CIDRZ. The CIDRZ scale had substantial reliability and performed similarly to the DHAKA score. CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhoea severity scores focused on characteristics specific to dehydration status may better predict severe diarrhea among children in Lusaka. Aetiology-specific scoring tools may not be appropriate for use in community healthcare settings. Validation studies for the CIDRZ score in diverse settings and with larger sample sizes are warranted.