Browsing by Author "Rayamajhi A"

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    Associations Between Eight Earth Observation-Derived Climate Variables and Enteropathogen Infection: An Independent Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Surveillance Studies With Broad Spectrum Nucleic Acid Diagnostics.
    (2022-Jan) Colston JM; Zaitchik BF; Badr HS; Burnett E; Ali SA; Rayamajhi A; Satter SM; Eibach D; Krumkamp R; May J; Chilengi R; Howard LM; Sow SO; Jahangir Hossain M; Saha D; Imran Nisar M; Zaidi AKM; Kanungo S; Mandomando I; Faruque ASG; Kotloff KL; Levine MM; Breiman RF; Omore R; Page N; Platts-Mills JA; Ashorn U; Fan YM; Shrestha PS; Ahmed T; Mduma E; Yori PP; Bhutta Z; Bessong P; Olortegui MP; Lima AAM; Kang G; Humphrey J; Prendergast AJ; Ntozini R; Okada K; Wongboot W; Gaensbauer J; Melgar MT; Pelkonen T; Freitas CM; Kosek MN; National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata India.; Children's Hospital Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland.; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Banjul The Gambia.; Division of Nutrition and Clinical Services International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Dhaka Bangladesh.; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil.; Kenya Medical Research Institute Center for Global Health Research Kisumu Kenya.; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville VA USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health and Public Health Sciences University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville VA USA.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia.; Centre for Nutrition & Food Security International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Dhaka Bangladesh.; Division of Infectious Diseases Programme for Emerging Infections International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Dhaka Bangladesh.; Department of Pediatrics National Academy of Medical Sciences Kanti Children's Hospital Kathmandu Nepal.; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça Manhiça Mozambique.; Epidemiology and Health Economics GSK Vaccine Wavre Belgium.; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM) Hamburg Germany.; Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MA USA.; Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research Tampere University Tampere Finland.; Centre for Enteric Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases Pretoria South Africa.; HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa.; Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Mali Bamako Mali.; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA Iquitos Peru.; Department of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.; Global Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA USA.; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital Roosevelt Guatemala City Guatemala.; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences Baltimore MA USA.; Department of Child Health Institute of Medicine of Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal.; Centre for Genomics and Child Health Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK.; Department of Medical Sciences National Institute of Health Nonthaburi Thailand.; Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino Luanda Angola.; Division of Viral Diseases US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA.; Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA.; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research Harare Zimbabwe.; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University Osaka Japan.; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan.; Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public Health Center for Global Health Aurora CO USA.; Haydom Global Health Institute Haydom Tanzania.; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan.; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College Vellore India.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    Diarrheal disease, still a major cause of childhood illness, is caused by numerous, diverse infectious microorganisms, which are differentially sensitive to environmental conditions. Enteropathogen-specific impacts of climate remain underexplored. Results from 15 studies that diagnosed enteropathogens in 64,788 stool samples from 20,760 children in 19 countries were combined. Infection status for 10 common enteropathogens-adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus,
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    Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood: a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data.
    (2023-Mar) Badr HS; Colston JM; Nguyen NH; Chen YT; Burnett E; Ali SA; Rayamajhi A; Satter SM; Van Trang N; Eibach D; Krumkamp R; May J; Adegnika AA; Manouana GP; Kremsner PG; Chilengi R; Hatyoka L; Debes AK; Ateudjieu J; Faruque ASG; Hossain MJ; Kanungo S; Kotloff KL; Mandomando I; Nisar MI; Omore R; Sow SO; Zaidi AKM; Lambrecht N; Adu B; Page N; Platts-Mills JA; Mavacala Freitas C; Pelkonen T; Ashorn P; Maleta K; Ahmed T; Bessong P; Bhutta ZA; Mason C; Mduma E; Olortegui MP; Peñataro Yori P; Lima AAM; Kang G; Humphrey J; Ntozini R; Prendergast AJ; Okada K; Wongboot W; Langeland N; Moyo SJ; Gaensbauer J; Melgar M; Freeman M; Chard AN; Thongpaseuth V; Houpt E; Zaitchik BF; Kosek MN; College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhica, Mozambique.; National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkota, India.; Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru.; Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MA, USA.; New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Health Research, M A SANTE (Meileur Acces aux Soins en Santé), Yaoundé, Cameroon; Division of Health Operations Research, Cameroon Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Enteric diseases and Vaccines Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany.; Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, VI, USA.; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA.; Laboratory and Treatment Unit, Center for Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR.; Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.; Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand.; Center for Global Health, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.; Programme for Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Pretoria, South Africa.; Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola.; Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala City, Guatemala.; Centre for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Mali, Bamako, Mali.; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.; Centre for Nutrition & Food Security, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MA, USA. Electronic address: zaitchik@jhu.edu.; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Nyanza, Kenya.; Department of Pediatrics, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam.; Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Research Department 2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany.; Haydom Global Health Institute, Haydom, Tanzania.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.; HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; CIDRZ; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
    BACKGROUND: Diarrhoeal disease is a leading cause of childhood illness and death globally, and Shigella is a major aetiological contributor for which a vaccine might soon be available. The primary objective of this study was to model the spatiotemporal variation in paediatric Shigella infection and map its predicted prevalence across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: Individual participant data for Shigella positivity in stool samples were sourced from multiple LMIC-based studies of children aged 59 months or younger. Covariates included household-level and participant-level factors ascertained by study investigators and environmental and hydrometeorological variables extracted from various data products at georeferenced child locations. Multivariate models were fitted and prevalence predictions obtained by syndrome and age stratum. FINDINGS: 20 studies from 23 countries (including locations in Central America and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and southeast Asia) contributed 66 563 sample results. Age, symptom status, and study design contributed most to model performance followed by temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and soil moisture. Probability of Shigella infection exceeded 20% when both precipitation and soil moisture were above average and had a 43% peak in uncomplicated diarrhoea cases at 33°C temperatures, above which it decreased. Compared with unimproved sanitation, improved sanitation decreased the odds of Shigella infection by 19% (odds ratio [OR]=0·81 [95% CI 0·76-0·86]) and open defecation decreased them by 18% (OR=0·82 [0·76-0·88]). INTERPRETATION: The distribution of Shigella is more sensitive to climatological factors, such as temperature, than previously recognised. Conditions in much of sub-Saharan Africa are particularly propitious for Shigella transmission, although hotspots also occur in South America and Central America, the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, and the island of New Guinea. These findings can inform prioritisation of populations for future vaccine trials and campaigns. FUNDING: NASA, National Institutes of Health-The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.