Browsing by Author "Samim D"

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    Cardiovascular Involvement in Tuberculosis Patients Treated in Southern Africa.
    (2025-Jan) Samim D; Muula G; Banholzer N; Chibomba D; Xulu S; Bolton C; Evans D; Perrig L; De Marchi S; Günther G; Egger M; Pilgrim T; Fenner L; Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.; Department of Cardiology, Helen Joseph Clinic, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.; Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; University Teaching Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among people with HIV and a major global health challenge. Subclinical cardiovascular manifestations of TB are poorly documented in high TB and HIV burden countries. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of cardiovascular involvement in TB patients and investigate changes after completion of anti-TB treatment. METHODS: HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB between October 2022 and November 2023 were enrolled from 2 tertiary care hospitals in Zambia and South Africa. Standardized transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was conducted at TB diagnosis and after 6 months of anti-TB treatment. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses assessed pericardial effusion, thickening, or calcification, with and without signs of pericardial constriction. RESULTS: A total of 286 TB patients (218 [76%] men, 109 [38%] people with HIV, median age 35 years) underwent TTE at TB diagnosis, of whom 105 participants had a second TTE after completion of treatment. At TB diagnosis, 134 (47%) had pericardial effusions, 86 (30%) thickening, 7 (2%) calcifications, 103 (42%) signs of constriction, and 13 (12%) had definite diagnosis of constriction. After TB treatment, pericardial effusions (47% vs 16%, CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac involvement is frequent in newly diagnosed TB patients. Early pericardial changes may be reversed with anti-TB treatment. Echocardiographic screening facilitates early detection and timely management of cardiovascular involvement in TB patients.