Marketing of breast-milk substitutes in Zambia: evaluation of compliance to the international regulatory code.

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dc.contributor.affiliationImmunomedics Inc., 300, American Rd., Morris Plains, NJ, USA.
dc.contributor.affiliationCentre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Box 3481, Lusaka, Zambia.
dc.contributor.affiliationSchool of Public Health, University of Zambia, Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia.
dc.contributor.affiliationNational Food and Nutrition Commission, Lumumba Road, Box 32669, Lusaka, Zambia.
dc.contributor.affiliationChainama College of Health Sciences, Box 33991, Lusaka, Zambia.
dc.contributor.affiliationDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25 Legon, Accra.
dc.contributor.affiliationCIDRZ
dc.contributor.affiliationCentre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
dc.contributor.authorFunduluka P
dc.contributor.authorBosomprah S
dc.contributor.authorChilengi R
dc.contributor.authorMugode RH
dc.contributor.authorBwembya PA
dc.contributor.authorMudenda B
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-23T11:41:46Z
dc.date.issued2018-Mar-01
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: We sought to assess the level of non-compliance with the International Code of Marketing breast-milk substitutes (BMS) and/or Statutory Instrument (SI) Number 48 of 2006 of the Laws of Zambia in two suburbs, Kalingalinga and Chelstone, in Zambia. METHODS: This was a cross sectional survey. Shop owners (80), health workers (8) and mothers (214) were interviewed. BMS labels and advertisements (62) were observed. The primary outcome was mean non-compliance defined as the number of article violations divided by the total 'obtainable' violations. The score ranges from 0 to 1 with 0 representing no violations in all the articles and one representing violations in all the articles. RESULTS: A total of 62 BMS were assessed. The mean non-compliance score by manufacturers in terms of violations in labelling of BMS was 0.33 (SD = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.40). These violations were mainly due to labels containing pictures or graphics representing an infant. 80 shops were also assessed with mean non-compliance score in respect of violations in tie-in-sales, special display, and contact with mothers at the shop estimated as 0.14 (SD = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Non-compliance with the Code and/or the local SI is high after 10 years of domesticating the Code.
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/pubmed/fdx023
dc.identifier.urihttps://pubs.cidrz.org/handle/123456789/10550
dc.sourceJournal of public health (Oxford, England)
dc.titleMarketing of breast-milk substitutes in Zambia: evaluation of compliance to the international regulatory code.

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