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    Associations Between QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus IFNγ Concentrations and Progression to Symptomatic Tuberculosis in Global High-Burden TB Settings.
    (2026-Jul) Sunshine, Justine; Shaffer, Michael; Han, Linda L.; Gaikwad, Deepali; Houana, Amelia A.; Gler, Maria T.; Hadinegoro, Sri R.; Hanekom, Willem A.; Lama, Javier R.; Muyoyeta, Monde; Musala, Sissy; Nduba, Videlis; Rolla, Valeria C.; Roy, Tapash ; Sutherland, Jayne S.; Khosa, Celso; Wajja, Anne; Walker, Timothy M.; Cinar, Amy; Schmidt, Alexander C.; Dagnew, Alemnew F.; Frahm, Nicole
    BACKGROUND: Predictive biomarkers for symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) progression would transform targeted prevention efforts. Although interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), including QuantiFERON® TB-Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), have been studied for this purpose, systematic evaluation of the QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 Interferon-Gamma (IFNγ) concentrations remains limited, particularly in high-burden TB settings. METHODS: Baseline TB1 and TB2 IFNγ concentrations from 5246 participants (ages 15-34 years) in TB-endemic regions were analyzed in relation to subsequent TB outcomes over a median of 525 days follow-up (NCT05190146). Participants were categorized as controls (no TB), suspected TB (no microbiological confirmation), or laboratory-confirmed TB, including a subset meeting a stringent case definition (≥2 positive microbiologic tests). Associations between baseline IFNγ concentrations and progression to symptomatic TB were assessed. RESULTS: In the full cohort (IGRA+/- participants), baseline TB2 IFNγ concentrations were significantly higher compared with controls among participants who developed suspected TB ( CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative IFNγ concentrations from QFT-Plus, particularly TB2, were associated with progression to symptomatic TB, met or exceeded WHO-recommended sensitivity and specificity thresholds for predictive biomarkers, and may support biomarker-based stratification in TB clinical research.