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The CIDRZ Research Repository serves as an open-access archive for peer-reviewed publications, conference papers, and other scholarly outputs from CIDRZ researchers. Our goal is to promote the dissemination of knowledge and support evidence-based public health initiatives.

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We have recently added new publications on HIV prevention, maternal health, and epidemiology. Browse the latest research in our repository.

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 1157
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    Targeted universalism for long-acting PrEP: an urgent need to avoid risk targeting and build population-level impact.
    (2026-Jun) Beres LK; Schwartz SR; Olum R; Shipp LM; Vlahakis N; Herce ME; Were DK; Baral S; Mulubwa C; Mwamba C; Musheke M; Beyrer C; Geng EH
    New long-acting HIV prevention product choices, including lenacapavir, cabotegravir, and investigational monthly oral MK‑8527, usher in promise for ending HIV as a public health threat. Decisions taken at a product's launch determine who will access it and shape its population-level impact. We argue that targeted universalism should be used to organise the roll‑out of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) choices. Targeted universalism means setting the goal of universal access for anyone who wants effective prevention and then tailoring functional supports, such as convenient delivery points and improved provider capacity for supportive interactions, to: 1) guide distribution of limited supply, and 2) help groups facing the steepest barriers to engage with prevention on an equal footing. As a policy framework, targeted universalism thus seeks to avoid mistakes that have restricted the population-level impact of oral PrEP by eliminating epidemiologically driven risk targeting, reckoning with the social resistance associated with stigmatised interventions and populations, and facilitating equitable coverage through systems strengthening.
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    Design and feasibility considerations for a phase 3 efficacy trial of the M72/AS01
    (2026-Jul-11) Dagnew AF; Noble R; Cinar A; Burhan E; Churchyard G; Fairlie L; Hanekom WA; Muyoyeta M; Mwandumba HC; Nduba V; Curran M; Schmidt AC
    BACKGROUND: M72/AS01 METHODS: We conducted event-driven simulations using lower bound (LB) of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for VE(D). For IGRA-positive participants, assumptions included 1:1 randomization, 9000 participants/arm, 0.4% TB incidence/year, 55% true VE(D), 5% dropout/year, and two-year enrollment. Enrollment irrespective of baseline IGRA status (mixed IGRA-status population) and IGRA-negative-only scenarios were explored to estimate sample sizes and trial duration. RESULTS: Simulations demonstrated that 110 events rule out a VE(D) 95% CI LB ≤10%, and 185 events rule out ≤25%, assuming ≥90% power and a true VE(D) of 55%. With 18,000 IGRA-positive participants, simulations projected a 90% probability of accruing 110 events within 3.5 to 4 years and 185 within 5.5 to 6 years. In the mixed IGRA-status population, few endpoints occurred among IGRA-negative participants, yielding insufficient power. Standalone VE(D) evaluation in IGRA-negative participants required large sample sizes (approximately 134,800) and prolonged timelines, indicating infeasibility. Accordingly, the selected primary objective of the phase 3 trial was to confirm VE(D) in IGRA-positive HIV-negative participants using LB of 95% CI for VE(D) > 10% after 110 events; secondary objectives include safety and immunogenicity in HIV-negative IGRA-positive; HIV-negative IGRA-negative; and HIV-positive individuals irrespective of IGRA status. CONCLUSIONS: An IGRA-positive-enriched, event-driven phase 3 trial is feasible to confirm VE(D) of M72/AS01
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    Global trends in norovirus genotype distribution among medically attended children with acute gastroenteritis, 2020-2025.
    (2026-Jun) Cannon JL; Bonifacio J; Fumian TM; Pabbaraju K; Pietsch C; Gonzalez MD; Hossain ME; Selvarangan R; Buesa J; Pan CY; Sakon N; Chang JH; Hewitt J; Croucher D; White PA; Mercer LK; Chuchaona W; Martinez FJD; Moya ML; Trang NV; Hatyoka LM; Mans J; Niendorf S; Jacobsen S; Mendoza L; Alvarez CD; Gomes KA; Degiuseppe JI; Ingunza A; Varghese T; Lay MK; Santiago FG; Bartlett E; Relja B; Barclay L; Simuyandi M; Lanata CF; Rahman M; Poovorawan Y; Wu FT; Pang XL; Vinjé J
    BACKGROUND: Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, with a broad diversity of genotypes infecting children. NoroSurv is an established global network for norovirus strain surveillance among medically attended children < 5 years of age. METHODS: Participating laboratories uploaded norovirus sequences from stool specimens collected from 2020 to 2025 to a web portal, which assigned norovirus genotypes and strain data. Norovirus seasons were defined as September 1 to August 31. RESULTS: Participants in 22 countries across 6 continental regions uploaded 4113 norovirus sequences, including 26 genotypes and 53 strains. GII.4 accounted for 53% (2167/4113), followed by GII.3 (12%), GII.17 (11%), GII.6 (7%), and GII.2 (5%). GII.4 Sydney was the most common variant (47%; 1912/4113), but new GII.4 variants/clusters emerged regionally, with GII.4 San Francisco, GII.4 Wichita and GII.4 Allegany more frequently detected than GII.4 Sydney in 2021-2022 in Africa, 2022-2023 in Central and South America and 2023-2024 in Central America. In 2023-2024, a dramatic rise in GII.17 detection was observed in most regions (32% of all 2024-2025 sequences). In North, Central and South America, Europe and Asia Pacific, GII.17 detection increased as GII.4 detection declined in 2024-2025. Other genotypes (GI.3, GII.1, GII.2, GII.3 and GII.6) had regional peaks, accounting for up to 37% of sequences during a specific season. CONCLUSIONS: Our data may help guide norovirus vaccine development and provide a baseline of global norovirus strain distribution for evaluating the effectiveness of future vaccines in children. We continue to monitor the shifting distribution of norovirus genotypes through NoroSurv surveillance.
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    Mode of birth and risk of postpartum depression among mothers who gave birth within the last 12 months in Ghana: A mixed-method, cross-sectional study.
    (2026-Jun) Tornyevah L; Bosomprah S; Sharma A; de Jonge A; Henrichs J
    BACKGROUND: We examined the association between mode of birth (caesarean section (CS) vs spontaneous vaginal birth (SVB)) and the risk of postpartum depression (PPD) and explored mechanisms of this relationship. METHODS: We carried out a mixed-method, cross-sectional study in Ho, Ghana, among postpartum women. We used a binomial log-link generalised linear model to examine the association between birth mode and PPD risk. We applied a potential-outcome framework to test if negative childbirth experience or low self-esteem mediated this association. Additionally, we conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) with mothers at risk of PPD. RESULTS: Among 399 mothers, CS was associated with a 68% higher prevalence of screen-positive PPD compared with SVB [adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.68 (95% CI; 1.22, 2.32); CONCLUSION: Screen-positive PPD was common after both SVD and CS, and the association with CS persisted after adjustment for measured confounders. Universal postpartum screening and stepped psychosocial support, with enhanced recovery care for CS, may reduce burden.
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    Detection of Anti-H5 Antibodies in People with Exposure to Wild Birds in Northern Canada
    Wallace Hannah L.; Hiebert Morgan; Hunter Mikayla; Halbrook Megan; Harrigan Ryan J.; Bogoch Isaac I.; Rimoin Anne W.; Shaw Souradet; Larcombe Linda; Orr Pamela H.; Kindrachuk Jason
    Summary Using a commercially available H5 serology assay, we identified a 7.4% ( n =5/68) anti-H5 seroreactivity rate among hunters in Northern Canada. All participants reported close contact with wild birds.
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    The resurgent threat: human metapneumovirus in a post-pandemic landscape
    (2026-9) Ching Lau Yoke; Kunnath Anil Philip
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    Corrigendum to "Drivers of decision-making for future adult vaccines: a best-worst scaling among community members and health care workers in Zambia" [Vaccine 70 (2026) 128003].
    (2026-Jun-03) Le Tourneau N; Sharma A; Pry JM; Haambokoma M; Shamoya B; Sikombe K; Simbeza SS; Zulu N; Geng EH; Eshun-Wilson I; Kerkhoff AD
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    Corrigendum to "Intention to receive new vaccines post-COVID-19 pandemic among adults and health workers in Lusaka, Zambia" ["Vaccine 50 (2025) 126846].
    (2026-May-31) Sharma A; Kerkhoff AD; Haambokoma M; Shamoya B; Sikombe K; Simbeza SS; Zulu N; Geng EH; Eshun-Wilsonova I; Le Tourneau N; Pry JM
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    Infection Prevention and Control in Long-Term Settings
    (2026-6) Almothafer Zaynab; Crnich Christopher J.

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