Global trends in norovirus genotype distribution among medically attended children with acute gastroenteritis, 2020-2025.

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dc.contributor.authorCannon JL
dc.contributor.authorBonifacio J
dc.contributor.authorFumian TM
dc.contributor.authorPabbaraju K
dc.contributor.authorPietsch C
dc.contributor.authorGonzalez MD
dc.contributor.authorHossain ME
dc.contributor.authorSelvarangan R
dc.contributor.authorBuesa J
dc.contributor.authorPan CY
dc.contributor.authorSakon N
dc.contributor.authorChang JH
dc.contributor.authorHewitt J
dc.contributor.authorCroucher D
dc.contributor.authorWhite PA
dc.contributor.authorMercer LK
dc.contributor.authorChuchaona W
dc.contributor.authorMartinez FJD
dc.contributor.authorMoya ML
dc.contributor.authorTrang NV
dc.contributor.authorHatyoka LM
dc.contributor.authorMans J
dc.contributor.authorNiendorf S
dc.contributor.authorJacobsen S
dc.contributor.authorMendoza L
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez CD
dc.contributor.authorGomes KA
dc.contributor.authorDegiuseppe JI
dc.contributor.authorIngunza A
dc.contributor.authorVarghese T
dc.contributor.authorLay MK
dc.contributor.authorSantiago FG
dc.contributor.authorBartlett E
dc.contributor.authorRelja B
dc.contributor.authorBarclay L
dc.contributor.authorSimuyandi M
dc.contributor.authorLanata CF
dc.contributor.authorRahman M
dc.contributor.authorPoovorawan Y
dc.contributor.authorWu FT
dc.contributor.authorPang XL
dc.contributor.authorVinjé J
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-06T06:36:12Z
dc.date.issued2026-Jun
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, with a broad diversity of genotypes infecting children. NoroSurv is an established global network for norovirus strain surveillance among medically attended children < 5 years of age. METHODS: Participating laboratories uploaded norovirus sequences from stool specimens collected from 2020 to 2025 to a web portal, which assigned norovirus genotypes and strain data. Norovirus seasons were defined as September 1 to August 31. RESULTS: Participants in 22 countries across 6 continental regions uploaded 4113 norovirus sequences, including 26 genotypes and 53 strains. GII.4 accounted for 53% (2167/4113), followed by GII.3 (12%), GII.17 (11%), GII.6 (7%), and GII.2 (5%). GII.4 Sydney was the most common variant (47%; 1912/4113), but new GII.4 variants/clusters emerged regionally, with GII.4 San Francisco, GII.4 Wichita and GII.4 Allegany more frequently detected than GII.4 Sydney in 2021-2022 in Africa, 2022-2023 in Central and South America and 2023-2024 in Central America. In 2023-2024, a dramatic rise in GII.17 detection was observed in most regions (32% of all 2024-2025 sequences). In North, Central and South America, Europe and Asia Pacific, GII.17 detection increased as GII.4 detection declined in 2024-2025. Other genotypes (GI.3, GII.1, GII.2, GII.3 and GII.6) had regional peaks, accounting for up to 37% of sequences during a specific season. CONCLUSIONS: Our data may help guide norovirus vaccine development and provide a baseline of global norovirus strain distribution for evaluating the effectiveness of future vaccines in children. We continue to monitor the shifting distribution of norovirus genotypes through NoroSurv surveillance.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jcv.2026.105949
dc.identifier.urihttps://pubs.cidrz.org/handle/123456789/12939
dc.identifier.uri.pubmedhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42105550/
dc.relation.affiliationCDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA.
dc.relation.affiliationResearch Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines.
dc.relation.affiliationOswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
dc.relation.affiliationAlberta Precision Laboratory, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
dc.relation.affiliationLeipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
dc.relation.affiliationChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
dc.relation.affiliationInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
dc.relation.affiliationChildren's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
dc.relation.affiliationUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
dc.relation.affiliationCalifornia Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
dc.relation.affiliationOsaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan.
dc.relation.affiliationTaiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.
dc.relation.affiliationNew Zealand Institute for Public Health and Forensic Science, Porirua, New Zealand.
dc.relation.affiliationNew Zealand Institute for Public Health and Forensic Science, Porirua, New Zealand.
dc.relation.affiliationUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
dc.relation.affiliationUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
dc.relation.affiliationChulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
dc.relation.affiliationCosta Rican Institute of Research and Education in Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica.
dc.relation.affiliationCosta Rican Institute of Research and Education in Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica.
dc.relation.affiliationThe National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
dc.relation.affiliationCentre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
dc.relation.affiliationUniversity of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
dc.relation.affiliationRobert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
dc.relation.affiliationRobert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
dc.relation.affiliationLaboratorio Nacional de Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
dc.relation.affiliationLaboratorio Nacional de Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
dc.relation.affiliationINEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
dc.relation.affiliationINEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
dc.relation.affiliationInstituto de Investigacion Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
dc.relation.affiliationChristian Medical College, Vellore, India.
dc.relation.affiliationUniversidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
dc.relation.affiliationInstituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Mexico City, Mexico.
dc.relation.affiliationCherokee Nation Operational Solutions, Tulsa, OK, USA.
dc.relation.affiliationCDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA.
dc.relation.affiliationCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
dc.relation.affiliationCentre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ)
dc.relation.affiliationInstituto de Investigacion Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
dc.relation.affiliationInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
dc.relation.affiliationChulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
dc.relation.affiliationTaiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.
dc.relation.affiliationUniversity of Alberta, Calgary, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
dc.relation.affiliationCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: ahx8@cdc.gov.
dc.sourceJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
dc.titleGlobal trends in norovirus genotype distribution among medically attended children with acute gastroenteritis, 2020-2025.

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